Greece is home to a wide variety of snakes, with over 50 species of reptiles found throughout the country. Snakes are often seen in rocky areas, fields, and forests. They also inhabit wetlands and coastal regions. The most common species of snake in Greece is the European Adder (Vipera berus), which can be found throughout the mainland and on several islands.
16 Species Of Snakes In Greece
- Common European viper
- Horned Viper
- Balkan whip snake
- Grass snake
- Four-lined snake
- Dice snake
- Smooth snake
- Blotched snake
- European cat snake
- European ratsnake
- Caspian whipsnake
- Green whip snake
- Boas and Pythons
- Coin-marked snake
- Montivipera xanthine
- Aesculapian snake
Common European viper
The Common European Viper, also known as the adder, is a venomous snake that can be found throughout much of Europe and parts of Asia. With a rich history and origin, the viper has been documented in art and literature since ancient times, often associated with healing and protection. In fact, the image of the viper can still be found on the emblem of many medical associations and organizations. Despite its long history, the Common European Viper continues to thrive in the wild today, with populations that remain stable across much of its range.
The Common European Viper is a striking snake that is easily recognized by its distinct appearance. Typically, these snakes have a brown or greyish body with a dark zigzag pattern running down the length of their back. They also have triangular-shaped heads and vertical pupils, which help them to detect movement and accurately strike their prey. The females are usually larger than the males and can grow up to 75 cm in length, while males only reach up to 60 cm.
When it comes to diet, the Common European Viper is a carnivore that preys on small animals such as rodents, lizards, and birds. They are opportunistic hunters that often ambush their prey from a concealed position. Once they’ve caught their prey, they will use their venomous fangs to subdue it before swallowing it whole. This venom is not lethal to humans but can cause severe pain, swelling, and bruising.
The Common European Viper can be found in a wide range of habitats, from lowland heaths and woodlands to high-altitude alpine meadows. They are particularly fond of basking in the sun and can often be seen on rocks and logs during the warmer months. During the winter, they hibernate in underground burrows or crevices to avoid the cold weather. They are also able to adapt to a variety of climates and can be found at altitudes of up to 2,400 meters in the Alps. Despite their adaptability, the Common European Viper is under threat from habitat loss and fragmentation, which can have a significant impact on their survival.
Horned Viper
The Horned Viper, also known as the Saharan horned viper, is a venomous snake that is native to the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East. With a rich history and origin, the Horned Viper has been an iconic symbol of the region’s culture for centuries, often appearing in ancient art and mythology. While its origins may be shrouded in mystery, the Horned Viper remains a fascinating and unique species that continues to capture the imagination of people around the world.
The Horned Viper is easily recognized by its distinct appearance, which includes horn-like protrusions above its eyes that give it a menacing and fearsome look. Its body is usually a sandy color, which provides excellent camouflage in its desert habitat. They are relatively small, typically measuring around 50 centimeters in length, but their venomous fangs make them formidable predators.
As a carnivorous species, the Horned Viper preys on a variety of small animals such as rodents, lizards, and insects. They are opportunistic hunters and can remain motionless for extended periods, waiting for prey to come within striking distance. Once they’ve caught their prey, they will use their venomous fangs to subdue it before swallowing it whole. The venom of the Horned Viper is potent and can cause serious health problems in humans, including paralysis and tissue necrosis.
The Horned Viper is found primarily in arid and rocky environments, with a preference for sandy deserts and wadis. They can also be found in other habitats, such as scrubland and rocky outcrops, but their range is limited to regions with high temperatures and low humidity. Despite their ability to thrive in harsh desert environments, the Horned Viper is vulnerable to habitat loss and over-harvesting, with its venom often used in traditional medicine and cultural practices.
Balkan whip snake
The Balkan whip snake is a non-venomous snake species that is indigenous to the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Its origins and history date back centuries, with a rich cultural and ecological significance in the region. The Balkan whip snake is one of the most commonly encountered species in the Balkans, and it remains an important part of the region’s biodiversity.
The Balkan whip snake is a slender and agile snake species that can grow up to 2 meters in length. It is characterized by its long and thin body, with a distinctive pointed head and large eyes. Its coloration can vary from light brown to gray, with a characteristic pattern of darker spots along its back. Despite its name, the Balkan whip snake does not actually possess a whip-like tail.
As a carnivorous species, the Balkan whip snake feeds primarily on small mammals, birds, and lizards. They are active hunters and use their speed and agility to capture prey, often ambushing them from hiding places. The Balkan whip snake’s diet also includes small insects and other invertebrates, making it an important predator in the region’s ecosystem.
The Balkan whip snake is found in a variety of habitats across the Balkans, including grasslands, forests, and rocky outcrops. They are highly adaptable and can be found at a range of altitudes, from sea level up to 2,000 meters. They are also commonly encountered in human-populated areas, such as agricultural fields and suburban gardens. The Balkan whip snake is a vital component of the Balkan Peninsula’s biodiversity and plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region.
Grass snake
The Grass snake, also known as the ringed snake, is a non-venomous species that is native to Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. With a history dating back to prehistoric times, the Grass snake is one of the most well-known and widely distributed snake species in Europe.
The Grass snake has a distinctive appearance, with a long and slender body that can grow up to 1.5 meters in length. Its body is covered in dark green to olive-brown scales, with a characteristic yellow collar around its neck. The Grass snake’s eyes are large and round, with a vertical pupil, and its head is small and narrow. One of the most unique features of the Grass snake is its ability to play dead when threatened, a behavior known as thanatosis.
As a carnivorous species, the Grass snake feeds primarily on small mammals, birds, and amphibians. They are active hunters and use their strong sense of smell to locate prey. Grass snakes are also known to eat fish and insects, making them a vital predator in many ecosystems.
The Grass snake is commonly found in a range of habitats, including wetlands, grasslands, and forests. They are also frequently found near bodies of water, such as ponds, streams, and rivers. Grass snakes are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of environments, including urban and suburban areas. While their populations are generally stable, habitat loss and fragmentation pose a threat to their survival in certain areas.
Four-lined snake
The Four-Lined snake, also known as the striped snake or the European four-lined snake, is a non-venomous species that is native to Europe. With a history dating back to ancient times, the Four-Lined snake is one of the most widely distributed snake species in Europe.
The Four-Lined snake has a distinctive appearance, with a slender body that can grow up to 70 cm in length. Its body is covered in four distinct, longitudinal stripes, which are typically black or brown in color. The snake’s head is relatively small and narrow, with a short snout and round eyes. The Four-Lined snake is also known for its unique, flattened body shape, which allows it to navigate through narrow crevices and burrows with ease.
As a carnivorous species, the Four-Lined snake feeds primarily on small mammals, lizards, and insects. They are active hunters and use their keen sense of smell and vision to locate prey. Four-Lined snakes are also known to eat other snakes, making them valuable predator in many ecosystems.
The Four-Lined snake is commonly found in a range of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and rocky areas. They are also frequently found near human settlements, such as barns and gardens. Four-Lined snakes are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of environments, including urban and suburban areas. While their populations are generally stable, habitat loss and fragmentation pose a threat to their survival in certain areas.
Dice snake
The Dice snake, also known as the European water snake, is a non-venomous species that is found throughout Europe and parts of Asia. With a history dating back to the ancient Greeks and Romans, the Dice snake is a species that has long been intertwined with human culture and folklore.
The Dice snake has a unique appearance, with a slender body that can grow up to 100 cm in length. Its body is covered in a pattern of dark brown or black scales, which are arranged in a characteristic dice-like pattern. The snake’s head is small and narrow, with round eyes and a distinctive yellow stripe that runs down the side of the head. The Dice snake is a strong swimmer and is well-adapted to its aquatic habitat.
As a carnivorous species, the Dice snake feeds primarily on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. They are active hunters and are known for their ability to catch fast-moving prey in the water. The Dice snake also plays an important role in controlling populations of pests and other invasive species in its habitat.
The Dice snake is typically found in aquatic habitats such as rivers, lakes, and wetlands, where it feeds on fish and other aquatic prey. They are also known to inhabit areas near human settlements, such as canals and irrigation ditches. While they are not a threatened species, habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities can pose a threat to their survival in some areas.
Smooth snake
Smooth snakes are a species of non-venomous snakes that have captured the interest of snake enthusiasts and researchers alike. The history and origin of these creatures can be traced back to Europe, where they are found in the wild in various countries such as Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. The first documented record of smooth snakes dates back to the early 19th century when they were initially classified as a subspecies of the grass snake. However, as more research was conducted on their physical and behavioral characteristics, smooth snakes were eventually recognized as their own distinct species.
Smooth snakes have a distinctive appearance that makes them stand out from other snake species. These snakes are relatively small, measuring between 50 to 80 cm in length, with a slender bodies and a shiny, smooth appearance. Their coloration can vary from light grey to dark brown, and they typically have a distinctive black zigzag pattern on their backs. The head of a smooth snake is also notable, as it is flattened and slightly wider than the neck.
The diet of a smooth snake is primarily composed of small mammals, such as rodents and voles, as well as lizards and occasionally other snakes. They are known to be opportunistic hunters, meaning that they will eat whatever prey is available to them. They are not constrictors, which means that they do not wrap their bodies around their prey to suffocate them. Instead, they rely on their sharp teeth and powerful jaws to subdue their prey.
Smooth snakes can be found in a variety of habitats, including heathlands, meadows, and woodlands. They prefer areas with a lot of ground cover, such as long grass or leaf litter, as this provides them with shelter and protection. They are also known to hibernate during the colder months, often in groups with other snakes. Despite being widespread throughout much of Europe, smooth snakes are a protected species due to habitat loss and fragmentation. As a result, conservation efforts are underway to help preserve their populations and prevent further decline.
Blotched snake
Blotched snakes, also known as European ratsnakes, are a fascinating species of non-venomous snakes that have a rich history and origin. These snakes are native to Europe and are found in a wide variety of habitats, from forests to meadows. The earliest known record of blotched snakes dates back to the 16th century when they were first described by naturalists and researchers.
The appearance of blotched snakes is quite distinctive, making them easily recognizable. These snakes can grow up to 2 meters in length and have thick, muscular bodies. They are known for their distinctive blotchy patterns, which are a mixture of gray, brown, and black. The head of the blotched snake is elongated and relatively small in comparison to the rest of its body. They also have large, powerful jaws which they use to capture their prey.
Blotched snakes are opportunistic hunters and have a diverse diet, which includes small mammals, such as mice and rats, as well as lizards, birds, and even other snakes. They are constrictors and rely on coiling their bodies around their prey to suffocate them before swallowing them whole. These snakes are also known to hibernate during the colder months, often in groups with other snakes.
Blotched snakes are adaptable creatures and can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including forests, meadows, and rocky hillsides. They prefer areas with a lot of covers, such as dense vegetation or rock piles, where they can hide from predators and ambush their prey. These snakes are also known to be excellent climbers and can often be found basking in the sun on tree branches. Despite their widespread presence in Europe, blotched snakes face numerous threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation. As a result, conservation efforts are underway to help protect their populations and prevent further decline.
European cat snake
The European cat snake, also known as the false smooth snake, is a non-venomous species of snake that can be found in a variety of habitats throughout Europe. The history and origin of this species date back to the 19th century, when it was first described by naturalists and researchers. While the European cat snake is not as well-known as other snake species, it is a fascinating creature that has captured the interest of many snake enthusiasts.
The appearance of the European cat snake is quite distinctive, making it easily recognizable. These snakes can grow up to 1.5 meters in length and have a slender, elongated body. They have smooth scales that give them a glossy appearance and can vary in color from light brown to gray. One of the most notable features of the European cat snake is its eyes, which are large and round, giving it a cat-like appearance.
The diet of the European cat snake consists mainly of small mammals, such as mice and voles, as well as lizards and occasionally other snakes. They are known to be opportunistic hunters and will eat whatever prey is available to them. Unlike some other snake species, European cat snakes are not constrictors, and they rely on their sharp teeth and powerful jaws to subdue their prey.
European cat snakes can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including forests, meadows, and rocky hillsides. They prefer areas with a lot of covers, such as dense vegetation or rock piles, where they can hide from predators and ambush their prey. These snakes are also known to be excellent climbers and can often be found basking in the sun on tree branches. Despite their widespread presence in Europe, European cat snakes face numerous threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation.
European ratsnake
European rat snakes, also known as Elaphe or Pantherophis obsoletus, are a non-venomous snake species that are commonly found in various regions of Europe, including parts of Russia and Western Asia. These snakes are believed to have originated in Europe and have been known to exist for thousands of years. As one of the most common snake species found in Europe, the European rat snake has been studied extensively, and its behavior and characteristics are well-documented.
The European rat snake is a medium to large-sized snake that can grow up to six feet in length. They have a distinctive and attractive appearance, with smooth scales that range from a light gray to a dark brown or black color. Some subspecies have striking patterns and markings, such as black bands or blotches on a light background. The snake has a slender body, a pointed snout, and round eyes with vertical pupils. They are often mistaken for venomous snakes due to their similar appearance, but European rat snakes are harmless to humans.
In terms of diet, European rat snakes are known to be opportunistic feeders, meaning they will eat whatever prey is available to them. These snakes feed primarily on rodents, such as rats, mice, and voles, but they also consume birds, lizards, and other small animals. Juvenile European rat snakes tend to eat small prey items such as insects, while adults feed on larger prey. As constrictors, they will wrap themselves around their prey and squeeze it until it suffocates before swallowing it whole.
The European rat snake is a highly adaptable species that can thrive in a variety of habitats, including forests, fields, and even urban areas. They prefer areas with ample cover, such as rock crevices or fallen trees, where they can hide from predators and ambush their prey. European rat snakes are also skilled climbers and swimmers, which allows them to access a wide range of habitats. While they are most commonly found in Europe, they have also been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, where they are considered an invasive species.
Caspian whipsnake
The Caspian whipsnake is a remarkable species of snake that has intrigued scientists and nature enthusiasts for centuries. This nonvenomous snake has a fascinating history and origin that can be traced back to the regions of southeastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East. This species has been mentioned in various ancient texts and artworks, indicating its long-standing relationship with humans. Despite being a widely distributed species, the Caspian whipsnake has faced significant threats to its population due to habitat destruction and hunting.
The Caspian whipsnake is an impressive creature with a distinct appearance that sets it apart from other snake species. These snakes can grow up to 2 meters in length and have a slender, streamlined body with a pointed head. They have a unique coloring, with a brownish-grey dorsal side and a yellowish underbelly. The scales of the Caspian whipsnake are smooth and shiny, giving it a sleek and elegant appearance. Their striking appearance and impressive size make them a popular subject for nature photographers and enthusiasts alike.
The Caspian whipsnake is a carnivorous species, and its diet mainly consists of small rodents, lizards, and birds. They are known to be opportunistic feeders and will consume almost any prey that they can overpower. These snakes have excellent hunting skills and can move quickly, striking their prey with precision and agility. The Caspian whipsnake is an essential part of the ecosystem as it helps maintain the balance of the food chain by controlling the population of small mammals and reptiles.
The Caspian whipsnake is a versatile species that can adapt to a wide range of habitats, including arid deserts, grasslands, and forests. These snakes are particularly prevalent in areas near water sources, as they require a significant amount of moisture to survive. The Caspian whipsnake is known to be an excellent climber and can often be found basking in the sun on tree branches or rocky outcrops. Unfortunately, the Caspian whipsnake’s habitat is under constant threat due to human activities such as deforestation and habitat destruction.
Green whip snake
Green whip snakes are fascinating creatures that belong to the family Colubridae. These snakes have a rich history and origin that can be traced back to Southeast Asia, where they are commonly found. Green whip snakes were first discovered in the early 1800s by European explorers, and since then, they have been a subject of fascination for herpetologists and snake enthusiasts around the world. These snakes have adapted well to their environment, and they are known for their unique physical characteristics, diet, and habitat.
The green whip snake is a slender, medium-sized snake that can grow up to 1.5 meters in length. They have a vibrant green coloration that is particularly striking in bright sunlight. The scales of the snake are smooth, and they have a pointed snout and large eyes that give them excellent vision. The body of the green whip snake is long and slender, which makes it easy for them to move quickly through its environment. Their agile and graceful movements have earned them the nickname “whip snake.”
Green whip snakes are known to be opportunistic feeders, which means they will eat whatever prey is available to them. Their diet includes a variety of insects, small mammals, lizards, and other snakes. They are particularly fond of eating small rodents like mice and rats. Green whip snakes are active during the day and are known to be fast and efficient hunters.
Green whip snakes are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They prefer to live in areas with plenty of vegetation, as this provides them with ample cover and a source of food. In Southeast Asia, they are commonly found in rice paddies and other agricultural areas where rodents are abundant. The green whip snake is a non-venomous snake and is not considered to be dangerous to humans.
Boas and pythons
Boas and pythons are fascinating species of snakes that belong to the family Boidae. These snakes have a rich history and origin that can be traced back to the ancient world. The earliest known evidence of snakes that are related to boas and pythons can be found in fossils from the Eocene epoch, which occurred over 56 million years ago. Since then, boas and pythons have adapted and evolved to become some of the most formidable and majestic snakes in the world.
Boas and pythons are large, powerful snakes that are known for their distinctive physical characteristics. They have a stout body, muscular build, and large head that is wider than their neck. Boas and pythons can range in size from a few feet to over 20 feet in length, depending on the species. These snakes have a variety of color patterns, ranging from solid colors to intricate patterns that help them blend into their environment.
Boas and pythons are carnivores and are known for their impressive diet. They are opportunistic feeders, which means they will eat almost anything that they can overpower, including birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Some of the larger species of boas and pythons can even take down animals as large as deer and antelope. These snakes have a unique feeding behavior, in which they swallow their prey whole and then slowly digest it over a period of days or even weeks.
Boas and pythons are found in a wide range of habitats, from tropical rainforests to arid deserts. They prefer to live in areas with plenty of vegetation and cover, such as dense forests or tall grasslands. Boas and pythons are known to be excellent swimmers and can even be found in rivers and lakes. Some species of boas and pythons are arboreal, which means they spend most of their time in trees, while others are ground-dwelling.
Coin-marked snake
The coin-marked snake, also known as the pale-headed snake, is a fascinating species that belongs to the Elapidae family. This venomous snake is native to Australia and is widely distributed across the eastern and southeastern regions of the country. The coin-marked snake has a rich history and origin, with its name derived from the distinctive coin-shaped markings on its body. The indigenous people of Australia have long been aware of this snake, and it has played a significant role in their culture and mythology. The snake’s venom was used in traditional medicine, and its skin was utilized for clothing and decoration.
The coin-marked snake has a unique appearance, with its pale-colored head and dark-colored body. The coin-shaped markings on its body are a distinguishing feature that sets it apart from other species of snakes. This snake can grow up to 70 cm in length and has a slender body that is well-adapted for life in the undergrowth. The scales of the coin-marked snake are smooth and shiny, and it has a relatively small head compared to its body size.
The diet of the coin-marked snake consists mainly of small mammals and reptiles. It is a nocturnal hunter and spends much of its time hidden in the undergrowth, waiting for its prey to come within range. The snake is a skilled predator and uses its venom to immobilize its prey before consuming it whole. The venom of the coin-marked snake is highly potent and can cause severe damage to its prey or even to humans if bitten.
The coin-marked snake is found in a wide variety of habitats across Australia, including open woodlands, grasslands, and rainforests. This snake is also known to inhabit suburban areas, where it can be found living in gardens and parks. The coin-marked snake prefers to live in areas with plenty of covers, such as logs, rocks, and thick undergrowth. This snake is well-adapted to life on the ground but can also climb trees if needed.
Montivipera xanthine
The Montivipera xanthina, commonly known as the Turkish Snub-nosed Viper, is a venomous snake found in Greece. It inhabits rocky habitats and feeds mainly on small rodents, lizards, and frogs. Its venom can cause severe pain, swelling, and blistering if left untreated. As such, it is important to take precautions when in areas where this species can be found.
Aesculapian snake
The Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus) is a species of non-venomous snake that is found in parts of Europe, including Italy, Austria, and Croatia. It is also known as the Italian Aesculapian snake or the Italian racer. This species is named after Aesculapius, the Greek god of medicine and healing because it was once believed that the Aesculapian snake had the ability to cure diseases.
The Aesculapian snake is a large species, growing to an average length of about 6-7 feet, with some individuals reaching up to 10 feet in length. It is a non-aggressive species and will usually try to escape if confronted by a human. The Aesculapian snake is found in a variety of habitats including forests, fields, and gardens. It is a protected species in some countries.
Conclusion
In conclusion, snakes in Greece are an important part of the local wildlife. Although some species may be venomous, most are harmless and play an important role in the local ecology. It is important to take precautions when in areas where snakes can be found and never attempt to handle them. Snakes should always be treated with respect and left undisturbed.
